dell Inspiron 630m battery

We Need to Design Battery Packs for Thermal Extremes

Battery packs for ruggedized portable devices must operate in both extreme hot and cold environments.dell laptop battery, Many of these devices, such as handheld radios, telemetry monitors, weather stations, test equipment, missiles, rockets and satellites, are used in harsh environments. There are unique design considerations and techniques that must be considered when designing and manufacturing a pack that will be operated in extreme environments from -40°C to +80°C.

The main components of a typicalapple laptop battery pack are shown in Fig. 1. The cells serve as the primary energy source. The printed circuit board provides the intelligence of the system for advanced functions such as fuel-gauge calculations on remaining cell capacity, protection circuitry, thermal sensors used to monitor internal pack temperature, LEDs that indicate pack or cell status, and a serial data communications bus that communicates with the host device. A custom plastic enclosure is typically produced in an injection mold. External contacts provide a physical electrical interface, Inspiron 630m, Inspiron 640m, Y9943, RC107
Latitude D620,and insulation is used to absorb external shock, as well as retain or dissipate heat generated within the pack.

All of these elements can be customized when designing a apple a1175 battery pack for high- or low-temperature operation. However,Inspiron 630m, the cells are the elements critically affected by extreme temperatures.

Optimizing Battery Chemistry

Advances in apple a1185 battery technology have led to increased energy densities over the last few decades. More reactive materials have been employed to achieve these advances, and active safety circuits are now required to ensure that certain battery chemistries are kept in a stable condition. With careful design, incidents involving battery rupture or explosion are rare. Nevertheless, it should be recognized that under certain conditions, such as high temperature or punctured cells,Inspiron 640m, the pack integrity can be breached and, subsequently, expose the user to harmful chemicals or even flames. Therefore, each rechargeable chemistry has its own set of risks in addition to its desirable attributes.

For example, sealed lead acid (SLA) cells use concentrated sulfuric acid electrolyte and toxic heavy metal electrodes, and provide a nominal voltage of 1.5 V. SLA cells are cost-effective, but are too bulky and heavy for most portable applications. SLA cells have a wide apple m8403 operating temperature, ranging from -40°C to +70°C.

Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) apple powerbook g4 include a nominal voltage of 1.25 V, 500 duty cycles per lifetime, an optimal load current of less than 0.5 C, an average energy density of 100 Wh/kg, a charge time of less than 4 hours, Inspiron 630m, Inspiron 640m, Y9943, RC107
Latitude D620,a typical discharge rate of approximately 30% per month when in storage and a rigid form factor. NiMH cells operate effectively between -20°C and +60°C.

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell characteristics include a nominal voltage of 3.6 V, 1000 duty cycles per lifetime, Y9943,a rate load current of less than 4 C, an average energy density of 160 Wh/kg, a charge time of less than 4 hours and a typical discharge rate of approximately 1% to 3% per month when in storage. Li-ion cells operate effectively between -20°C and +60°C. However, new powerbook g4 15inch battery chemical formulations are extending that range to -30°C and +80°C.

Among these chemistries, Li-ion requires the greatest degree of protection, including a thermal shutdown separator and exhaust vents (within each cell) to vent internal pressure, an external safety circuit that prevents overvoltage during charge and undervoltage during discharge, and a thermal sensor that prevents thermal runaway. However, with the appropriate level of safety designed into a Li-ion pack,Inspiron 630m, Inspiron 640m, Y9943, RC107
Latitude D620, Li-ion offers the most attractive method of portable apple a1078 battery power. Many of the portable devices using the older chemistries have migrated to Li-ion in recent years.

If rechargeable chemistries cannot perform in the required temperature ranges, disposable, RC107,one-time-use lithium cells — known as lithium-primary cells — should be considered. These lithium-primary apple a1079 battery feature a nominal voltage of 3.6 V, an optimal load current of less than 5 C, an average energy density of 160 Wh/kg and a negligible self-discharge rate supporting years of storage. The operating temperature for lithium-primary cells ranges from -40°C to +80°C. Examples of lithium-primary chemistries include lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2), lithium sulfur dioxide (Li/SO2) and lithium manganese dioxide (Li/MnO2).

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In portable applications where battery life is important, designers may evaluate various battery chemistries to determine the best energy source. For some designs, traditional alkaline batteries will provide acceptable performance and battery life. Inspiron 630m, Inspiron 640m, Y9943, RC107
Latitude D620,In other cases, higher performance and thus higher-cost batteries must be considered. However, in designs where alkaline batteries are insufficient, there is a lower cost alternative to high-performance batteries. That alternative is to parallel ultracapacitors with the batteries. Latitude D620,This option is particularly useful in portable power tools where peak current demands are high.

Consider the example of a tube-cutting tool designed by Superior Tool Co. (Cleveland, Ohio). This product puts demands on the sony laptop battery for high peak loads experienced during the onset of cutting. This loading is typical of many portable devices where the peak load is much higher than the average power demand.